1. What are the key features of C++ programming language?
The key features of C++ include: 1. Object-oriented programming support 2. Strong typing and static typing 3. Efficient memory management with pointers and references 4. Standard Template Library (STL) for generic programming 5. Operator overloading and function and operator overloading
2. Explain the differences between C and C++.
C is a procedural programming language, while C++ is an object-oriented programming language that also supports procedural programming. C++ includes additional features such as classes, inheritance, and polymorphism, which are not present in C.
3. What is object-oriented programming, and how does C++ support it?
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data (attributes) and code (methods). C++ supports OOP by providing features such as classes, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction, allowing for modular and reusable code organization and facilitating better code maintenance and scalability.
4. Describe the difference between reference and pointer in C++.
. In C++, a reference is an alias for an existing variable, while a pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. References cannot be null and must be initialized upon declaration, while pointers can be null and can point to different memory locations during execution.
5. Describe the concept of classes and objects in C++.
In C++, a class is a blueprint for creating objects that define their structure and behavior through member variables and member functions. Objects are instances of classes that encapsulate data and behavior, allowing for modular and organized code development through abstraction and encapsulation.
6. What are constructors and destructors in C++? How do they differ from regular member functions?
6. Constructors are special member functions in C++ used for initializing objects of a class, invoked automatically when an object is created, while destructors are used for releasing resources when objects are destroyed, invoked automatically when an object goes out of scope or is explicitly deleted. Unlike regular member functions, constructors and destructors have the same name as the class and do not return any value.
7. Explain the difference between pass by value and pass by reference in C++.
7. In pass by value, a copy of the argument is passed to the function, while in pass by reference, the memory address of the argument is passed, allowing the function to directly access and modify the original variable outside its scope. Pass by value creates a separate copy of the data, whereas pass by reference operates directly on the original data, making it more memory efficient and suitable for large data structures.
8. What is inheritance, and how is it implemented in C++?
8. Inheritance is a feature of object-oriented programming where a class inherits properties and behaviors (methods) from another class. In C++, inheritance is implemented using the 'class' keyword followed by a colon and the access specifier (public, protected, or private), followed by the name of the base class.
9. Discuss the concepts of polymorphism and virtual functions in C++.
9. Polymorphism in C++ allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass, facilitating code reuse and flexibility. Virtual functions enable polymorphism by allowing derived classes to override base class methods, ensuring that the correct function is called based on the object's type at runtime
10. What is operator overloading, and how is it useful in C++?
10. Operator overloading in C++ allows operators to be redefined for user-defined types, enabling intuitive and concise syntax for custom classes and data types. This feature provides flexibility and convenience, allowing for natural expression of operations on user-defined types, akin to built-in types.
