1. What is Selenium?
Selenium is an open-source automated testing framework used for automating web browsers. It allows testers to write test scripts in various programming languages like Java, Python, etc., to interact with web elements and validate their behavior.
2. What are the different components of Selenium?
The main components of Selenium are Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment) for recording and playback of tests, Selenium WebDriver for writing and executing test scripts in various programming languages, and Selenium Grid for parallel execution of tests across multiple browsers and platforms.
3. What is WebDriver?
WebDriver is a web automation framework that provides an interface to interact with web browsers. It allows users to write test scripts to automate web application testing across different browsers
4. Explain the difference between driver.get() and driver.navigate().to() in WebDriver
: driver.get() is used to navigate to a new URL and waits for the page to fully load before continuing with further actions. driver.navigate().to() also navigates to a new URL but does not wait for the page to fully load, useful for simulating browser navigation like forward and backward.
5. How do you handle dynamic elements in Selenium?
Dynamic elements in Selenium can be handled using explicit waits (WebDriverWait), implicit waits, or FluentWait. Additionally, utilizing dynamic XPath or CSS selectors can help locate elements that may change based on the webpage's state or content.
6. What is an implicit wait in Selenium WebDriver?
Implicit wait in Selenium WebDriver instructs the WebDriver to wait for a certain amount of time when trying to locate elements. If the element is not immediately available, WebDriver will wait for the specified time before throwing a NoSuchElementException
7. Explain how to switch between frames in Selenium WebDriver.
To switch between frames in Selenium WebDriver, you can use the driver.switchTo().frame() method. This method allows you to switch frames by index, name, or WebElement. For example: javaCopy code // Switch to frame by index driver.switchTo().frame(0); // Switch to frame by name or ID driver.switchTo().frame("frameName"); // Switch to frame by WebElement WebElement frameElement = driver.findElement(By.id("frameId")); driver.switchTo().frame(frameElement);
What are the types of locators available in Selenium WebDriver?
: The main types of locators available in Selenium WebDriver are ID, Name, Class Name, Tag Name, Link Text, Partial Link Text, CSS Selector, and XPath. These locators help identify and interact with web elements on a webpage.
9. What is Page Object Model (POM) in Selenium WebDriver?
Page Object Model (POM) is a design pattern in Selenium WebDriver where web pages are represented as Java classes, and the various elements on the page are defined as variables or methods within those classes. This allows for better organization, reusability, and maintenance of test scripts by separating the page logic from the test logic.
10. How do you handle dropdowns in Selenium WebDriver?
Dropdowns in Selenium WebDriver can be handled using the Select class for
