1. What is Django? How does it differ from other Python web frameworks?
Django is a high-level Python web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. It differs from other Python web frameworks with its "batteries-included" philosophy, providing built-in features like an ORM, admin interface, and authentication system, which streamline development.
2 Can you explain the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern in the context of Django?
In Django, the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern is implemented with a slight variation known as Model-Template-View (MTV). Models represent the data structure, Templates handle the presentation layer, and Views contain the business logic, serving as an intermediary between models and templates, handling user requests and generating responses.
3 How do you create a new Django project? Can you explain the basic directory structure of a Django project?
To create a new Django project, you use the command django-admin startproject project_name. The basic directory structure includes the project's main directory, containing settings, URLs, and wsgi files, along with an inner directory with the same name as the project, containing the actual Python package for the project.
4 What is Django ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)? How does it work?
Django ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) is a technique for mapping objects in code to tables in a relational database. It allows developers to interact with the database using Python objects and methods, abstracting away the complexities of SQL queries by automatically translating them into database queries.
5 Explain the concept of migrations in Django. Why are they necessary?
Migrations in Django are changes to the data model represented in code. They are necessary to keep the database schema synchronized with changes made to the Django models, ensuring consistency between the codebase and the database structure without losing data
6 How do you create a new Django application within a project?
To create a new Django application within a project, you use the command python manage.py startapp app_name. This command generates the necessary files and directory structure for the new application within the Django project.
7 What are Django forms? How do you validate forms in Django?
Django forms are a mechanism for collecting user data and processing it server-side. They are defined using Python classes and can be rendered into HTML. To validate forms in Django, you define a form class inheriting from forms.Form or forms.ModelForm, specify fields and their validation rules, then call the is_valid() method to check if the submitted data is valid.
8 Describe the Django template language. What are template tags and how do you use them?
: The Django template language is a lightweight markup language used to design HTML templates in Django. Template tags are special constructs within these templates, enclosed within {% %} or {{ }}, allowing you to insert logic, perform loops, conditional statements, and display dynamic data fetched from the backend.
9 What is Django REST Framework (DRF)? How does it facilitate building APIs?
: Django REST Framework (DRF) is a powerful toolkit for building Web APIs in Django. It provides serializers to convert complex data types into native Python datatypes and handles requests and responses using class-based views. DRF also offers authentication, pagination, and other features to simplify API development, making it efficient and scalable.
10 How do you handle user authentication and authorization in Django?
In Django, user authentication is typically handled using the built-in authentication system provided by the django.contrib.auth module. This includes features like login, logout, password reset, and user creation. For authorization, Django offers decorators like @login_required to restrict access to views, along with built-in permissions and groups that can be assigned to users to control their access to specific resources
